Throat Disorders
Understanding The Throat

The throat (or pharynx) is a muscular tube located in the neck. It connects the mouth and nose to the oesophagus and voice box (larynx). Playing an essential role in the body’s respiratory and digestive system, it acts as a passageway to transport food, water, and air.

It is important to visit an ENT doctor if you are experiencing persistent throat symptoms like sore throat; throat disorders can be uncomfortable and negatively impact our ability to swallow or speak.

What Are Some Types of Throat Disorders?
  • Pharyngitis
What is it?
Commonly known as a sore throat, which refers to a dry or painful sensation in the throat
What causes it?
Viral or bacterial infection
What are the symptoms?
Difficulty/pain when swallowing, fever
  • Tonsilitis
What is it?
Inflammation and swelling of the tonsils
What causes it?
Viral or bacterial infection
What are the symptoms?
Fever, sore throat, swollen and red tonsils
  • Hoarseness (Dysphonia)
What is it?
An abnormal change in your voice
What causes it?
Overuse or misuse of your voice (shouting/cheering), vocal cord issues (nodules/polyps)
What are the symptoms?
Strained and raspy voice
  • Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)
What is it?
Acid reflux occurring in the throat
What causes it?
Stomach contents backflowing from the stomach into the oesophagus, then moving further up into the larynx
What are the symptoms?
Sore throat, hoarseness, coughing
  • Dysphagia
What is it?
Difficulty swallowing
What causes it?
Acid reflux, spasms in the oesophagus, muscle problems in the face or neck, problems with nervous system (stroke, head injury, dementia)
What are the symptoms?
Feeling of food being stuck in the throat, regurgitation, inability to swallow food/drink
  • Laryngitis
What is it?
Refers to the voice box (larynx) becoming inflamed or infected
What causes it?
Overusing or straining the larynx, viral infection
What are the symptoms?
Loss of voice, hoarseness, coughing, breathing difficulties
  • Strep Throat
What is it?
A type of pharyngitis that is contagious
What causes it?
Bacteria called group A Streptococcus (group A strep)
What are the symptoms?
Severe sore throat, fever, swollen tonsils with white patches
  • Chronic Cough
What is it?
Coughing that lasts for more than 8 weeks
What causes it?
Postnasal drip, acid reflux (GERD), respiratory infection, asthma
What are the symptoms?
Sore throat, frequent throat clearing, postnasal drip, runny/blocked nose
  • Throat Cancer
What is it?
Cancer that occurs in the throat (pharynx) or voice box (larynx)
What causes it?
Smoking (tobacco use), alcoholism, people infected with HPV
What are the symptoms?
Lumps in the neck/throat, persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing
  • Epiglottis
What is it?
Swelling of the epiglottis, the tissue that covers the windpipe; this blocks air from entering the lungs
What causes it?
Bacterial infection
What are the symptoms?
Difficulty breathing and swallowing, severe sore throat, drooling
If you think you might be suffering from a throat-related condition,visit our ENT specialist today to get your symptoms checked.
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Dr Lau Chee Chong
Consultant ENT Head & Neck Surgeon
MBBS, FRCS (ENT) (Edinburgh, UK), FAMS (ENT) (S’pore)

Dr Lau has been a consultant ENT Specialist in private practice at Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre for 18 years, treating both adults and children. His practice covers all areas diagnostic, surgical and medical of ENT, and head and neck practice.

Dr Lau has previously worked at Singapore General Hospital, as well as at renowned hospitals in the United Kingdom. He has also served on the panels of various embassies, legal bodies, associations, and societies.

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If you're suffering from severe and persistent throat pain, don't hesitate to seek attention and treatment from an ENT medical professional.

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